Enel’s performance in the fight against climate change

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In 2021, Enel had a carbon footprint of 125.0 MtCO_2eq (a 9% increase with respect to 2020). This was mainly due to the increased use of fossil fuels in generating electricity, which can be broken down as follows:

> Scope 1: 51.6 MtCO_2eq (an increase of 13% with respect to 2020) or 41% of our total GHG emissions (99% of which come from energy production). Furthermore, 63% of the Scope 1 total is accounted for by ETS emissions (compared to 53% in 2020).

> Scope 2: 4.3 MtCO_2eq (an increase of 6% with respect to 2020) or 4% of our total GHG emissions. Furthermore, 69% of our Scope 2 emissions were related to total technical network losses in the grid.

> Scope 3: 69.1 MtCO_2eq (an increase of 7% with respect to 2020) or 55% of our total GHG emissions.

	Source	Description
1	Generation from thermal sources	Combustion of fossil fuels in generation activities (CCGT, Oil&Gas and coal thermal plants). This includes: CO₂ emissions (50.56 and 44.67 Mt in 2021 and 2020 respectively) CH₄ losses in gas-fired thermal plants (0.002 and 0.003 MtCO2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively) CH₄(GWP = 28) e N₂O, emissions (GWP = 265) expressed in CO_2eq (0.14 e 0.11 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
2	Other (from energy generation)	Combustion of fossil fuels in auxiliary motors as part of power generation activities (nuclear and renewable plants; 0.03 e 0.06 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively) NF₃, losses (GWP = 16,100), espresse in CO_2eq (0.01 e 0.01 ktCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively) for solar panel production SF₆, losses (GWP = 23,500), expressed in CO_2eq (0.03 e 0.02 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively) for power generation Use of refrigerant gases in thermoelectric and hydroelectric plants (0.012 e 0.010 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively) Biogenic emissions from hydropower reservoirs (0.32 e 0.32 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively) Transportation of fuel (LNG and coal) on vessels under own operational control (0.06 e 0.05 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
3	Energy distribution activities	SF₆, losses (GWP= 23,500), expressed in CO_2eq (0.11 e 0.13 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively) for power distribution
4	Other (from distribution activities)	Combustion of fossil fuels in auxiliary motors as part of energy distribution activities (0.21 e 0.21 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
5	Offices	Diesel and methane combustion for furnaces, heating and canteens in offices, including all properties of all Business Lines and Group offices (0.008 e 0.014 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
6	Company fleet	Diesel and gasoline combustion in company fleet vehicles (0.07 e 0.08 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively
7	Electricity purchased from the grid	Consumption of electricity purchased from the grid for energy generation in power generation plants and for pumping in hydroelectric plants (1.2 e 1.1 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively). The figures shown are calculated using the location-based approach, while the market-based approach gives a figure of 2.4 e 2.0 MtCO_2eq for 2021 and 2020 respectively
8	Technical losses from the grid	Energy dissipation due to distribution network losses under Enel’s operational control (2.97 e 2.77 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively). The figures shown are calculated using the location-based approach, while the market-based approach gives a figure of 4.8 e 4.7 MtCO_2eq for 2021 and 2020 respectively
9	Electricity purchased from the grid	Consumption of electricity purchased from the grid for distribution activities in substations (0.14 e 0.14 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively). The figures shown are calculated using the location-based approach, while the market-based approach gives a figure of 0.2 e 0.2 MtCO_2eq for 2021 and 2020 respectively
10	Electricity purchased from the grid	Consumption of electricity purchased from the grid for civilian use (computers, lighting, heating) in offices and commercial offices (Market and Enel X) (0.003 e 0.004 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively). The figures shown are calculated using the location-based approach, while the market-based approach gives a figure of 0.03 e 0.03 for 2021 and 2020 respectively
11	Coal (upstream)	GHG Protocol, category 3. Fuel and energy activities not included in Scope 1 and 2: fugitive emissions from coal mining used in thermoelectric and coal-fired power plants and transportation on vessels (1.24 e 1.1 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
12	Gas (upstream)	GHG Protocol, category 3. Fuel and energy activities not included in Scope 1 and 2: fugitive emissions from the extraction and transport of gas used in thermoelectric plants and sold on the retail market (10.00 e 9.13 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
13	Diesel & fuel oil (upstream)	GHG Protocol, category 3. Transportation and distribution of diesel and fuel oil (0.005 e 0.007 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
14	Transportation of other raw materials and waste	GHG Protocol, category 4. Transportation and distribution upstream of energy generation: road transportation of fuels, raw materials and waste (0.004 e 0.004 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
15	Supply chain emissions	GHG Protocol, category 1. Purchase of goods and services: supply chain emissions (11.69 e 9.53 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
16	Sale of electricity	GHG Protocol, category 3. Fuel and energy activities not included in Scope 1 and 2: emissions for the generation of electricity sold to and used by end customers (retail market, 23.96 e 23.19 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)
17	Sale of gas	GHG Protocol, category 11. Use of goods sold: emissions from the use of gas sold to end customers (retail market, 22.25 e 21.95 MtCO_2eq in 2021 and 2020 respectively)

GHG Inventory 2022

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